Liberi, Oltre Le Emissioni

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# Liberi, Oltre Le Emissioni
## Sustainable Decarbonization 
### Pietro Monticone | UniTO <a href="https://twitter.com/PietroMonticone"> PietroMonticone</a> <a href="https://github.com/pitmonticone"> pitmonticone</a> <a href=""> pit</a> <a href=""> Dashboard</a> 
### Ca’Foscari Venezia | 15/02/2020

---

### Climate Change: **A Stock-Flow Problem**

.right[ **Source**: [IPCC SR15 (2018)](https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/) ]
![Fig 2.3](https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/01/figure-2.3.jpg)

---
name: carbon-budgets
class: center 
background-image: url(figures/glen-peters/carbon-budgets.png)
background-position: center
background-size: contain

### Climate Change: **Carbon Budgets**

.left[.footnote[ **Source**: [Glen Peters](https://www.slideshare.net/GlenPeters_CICERO/if-25c-is-easy-why-is-2c-hard) ]]

---
name: climate-mitigation1
class: center

### Climate Change: **The Mitigation Challange**

.pull-left[
![[**Figure SPM.1**](https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/graphics/#cid_6333)](https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/SPM1_figure-final.png)
]

.pull-right[
![[**Figure SPM.3b**](https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/graphics/#cid_6333)](https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/02/SPM3b.png)
]

---

### Climate Change: **The Mitigation Challange**

.pull-left[
<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-mitigation-15c" style="width: 100%; height: 550px; border: 0px none;"></iframe>
]

.pull-right[
<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-mitigation-2c" style="width: 100%; height: 550px; border: 0px none;"></iframe>
]
---
name: conceptual-framework 
class: center, top

### Conceptual Frameworking
.pull-left[
.left[
**Three Classes of Common Mistakes**
1. *Categorical*

1. *Logical*

1. *Empirical*
]]

.pull-right[
.left[
**Four Effective Dimensions**
1. *Time* 
  * Short-term
  * Medium-term
  * Long-term
  
1. *Space*
  * National
  * Regional
  * Global
  
1. *System Space Resolution*
  * Activity-level 
  * Option-level
  * Mix-level
  
1. *Ambient Space Resolution*
]]
---
name: global-1
class: center

### Carbon Emissions & Concentrations: **Global**

.pull-left[
![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/s11_2019_FossilFuel_and_Cement_emissions_1990.png)

![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/s08_2019_AtmosConc.png)]

![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/s85_2019_Total_Emissions_by_source.png)]

### Carbon Emissions & Concentrations: **Global**

![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/s54_2019_Waterfall_sources_and_sinks.png)
]

![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/s68_2019_Kaya.png)
]

---
name: regional-1
class: center

### Carbon Emissions & Concentrations: **Regional**

![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/s86_2019_Cumulative_by_continent.png)
]

![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/s85_2019_Cumulative_by_country.png)

]

---
name: regional-2
class: center

### Carbon Emissions & Concentrations: **Regional**

![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/s71_2019_AlternativeRankings.png)
]

![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/s70_2019_skyline_population.png)

]

---
name: regional-3
class: center

### Carbon Emissions & Concentrations: **Regional**

![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/s25_2019_Category_USA.png)
]

![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/s27_2019_Category_India.png)

]

---
name: national-1
class: center

### Carbon Emissions & Energy Use: **National**

![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/ctry/s16a_CO2growthbars_ITA.png)
]

.pull-right[
![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/ctry/s22_EnergyLines_wBio_ITA_EJ_percapita.png)

![](http://folk.uio.no/roberan/img/GCB2019/PNG/ctry/s60_KayaFigures_ITA.png)

]

---
name: wri
class: center

---
name: historical-rates
class: center

### Deployment, Decarbonization & Decoupling

![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EIFHlF3U0AAvp9W?format=png&name=4096x4096)

.pull-right[
<iframe src="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co2-emissions-and-gdp?country=ITA" style="width: 100%; height: 550px; border: 0px none;"></iframe>
]

---
name: decarbonization-commandments
class: center
background-image: url(https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fngeo2826/MediaObjects/41561_2016_Article_BFngeo2826_Fig2_HTML.jpg)
background-position: center
background-size: contain

### Decarbonization: **The Three Commandments**

.left[.footnote[**Source**: [Sachs et al. (2016)](https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2826)]]
---
class: center
background-image: url("figures/jesse-jenkins/low-carbon-toolbox.png")
background-position: center
background-size: contain

### The Low-Carbon Toolbox

.left[.footnote[**Source**: [Jesse Jenkins](https://www.dropbox.com/s/gwyn0ve9czwu3hb/01%20-%20Intro%20to%20course.pdf?dl=0)]]
---
name: electricity-map
class: center

### EU Electricity Consumption: **Carbon Intensity**

.left[**Source**: [electricityMap](https://www.electricitymap.org/?page=map&solar=false&remote=true&wind=false)]
---
name: eu-mix
class: center

### EU Production Mix

### EU Low-Carbon Mix

![](figures/iea/low-carbon.png)

.left[.footnote[**Source**: [IEA](https://www.iea.org/subscribe-to-data-services/electricity-statistics)]]
---
name: carbon-intensity
class: center

### EU Carbon Intensity (2019)

![](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EOyT7HGWAAAWwFI?format=png&name=4096x4096)
.left[**Sources**: [IPCC AR5 (2014)](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/energy-systems/) | [ENTSO-E (2019)](https://www.entsoe.eu/data/)]
---
name: carbon-intensity-power
class: center

### Carbon Intensity vs. Power Generation (2019)

![2019](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/D5zFhKhW0AAUGnh?format=jpg&name=4096x4096)

.left[**Sources**: [IPCC AR5 (2014)](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/energy-systems/) | [ENTSO-E (2019)](https://www.entsoe.eu/data/)]

---
name: needs-project
class: center
background-image: url(figures/papers/psi/framework1.png)
background-position: center
background-size: contain

### The Multiplexity of Sustainability

.left[.footnote[**Sources**: [EU NEEDS Project (2009)](http://www.needs-project.org) | [Hirschberg et al. (2015)](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118991978.hces070)
]]

---
name: sustainability-environmental
class: center

### Sustainability Dimensions: **Environmental**

![](figures/eu-needs/criteria-environmental.png)
---

###  Option-Level Environmental Impacts

.pull-left[
![**SF2 | Technology specific environmental impacts.** Per unit life-cycle environmental impacts of electricity technologies for the FullTech scenario and the year 2050. Boxplots indicate median and interquartile ranges across technology variants and participating integrated assessment models, whiskers 10th-90th percentile ranges.](figures/papers/nature/luderer2019/sf2.png)

.left[.footnote[**Source**: [Luderer et al. (2019)](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-13067-8)]]

]

![**Fig. 1 | Radar charts of environmental impacts of different types of power plants compared to the current global average power mix.**](figures/papers/r&s/fig1.png)

.left[.footnote[**Source**: [Gibon et al. (2017)](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032117304215?via%3Dihub)]]

]
---
name: data-environmental
class: center
background-image: url(figures/papers/r&s/fig2.png)
background-position: center
background-size: contain

###  Option-Level Env. Impacts: **Carbon Intensity**

.left[.footnote[**Source**: [Gibon et al. (2017)](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032117304215?via%3Dihub)]]
---
name: data-environmental
class: center

###  Mix-Level Environmental Impacts

![](https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41467-019-13067-8/MediaObjects/41467_2019_13067_Fig6_HTML.png)

---
name: sustainability-economic
class: center

### Sustainability Dimensions: **Economic**

![](figures/eu-needs/criteria-economic.png)

---

###  Sustainability Dimensions: **Economic**

![](figures/papers/psi/data-econ2.png)

.left[.footnote[**Sources**: [Hirschberg et al. (2015)](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118991978.hces070)]]
]

![An overview of the ranges of plant-level LCOE for selected types of newly-built power plants in Europe & USA](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EJIVR7BXsAETn3Q?format=jpg&name=large)

![The social costs of power generation for plants to be built in 2040 are estimated to be as follows.](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EJIVatKW4AI2tgi?format=jpg&name=large)

]

---
name: sustainability-social
class: center

### Sustainability Dimensions: **Social**

![](figures/eu-needs/criteria-social.png)

---

### Sustainability Dimensions: **Social**

.pull-right[
![](figures/owd/death-energy-all-sources.png)
![](figures/owd/deaths-low-carbon-energy.png)
]
.left[**Sources**: [Hirschberg et al. (2015)](https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118991978.hces070) | [Stamford (2020)](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128155813000051) | [OWD (2020)](https://ourworldindata.org/safest-sources-of-energy)]